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Pavlov
Theory of Reinforcement
Pavlov proved through experimentation that automatic response can be
conditioned to neutral stimulus. The learned behaviour is defined which
remains even though the conditions for the original learning no longer
hold. He discovered this fact when he was working on the nervous control
of the various digestive reflexes in dogs. He found out during the
experiments that a response could be conditioned by providing proper &
timely reinforcement to those stimuli which were neutral in the beginning.
Since then, behavioural psychology has flourished in the field of
psychology.
Major
contribution of Pavlov research mentioned below
CONDITIONING:
According to I.P. Pavlov, it means a response which is attached to the
stimulus and will be elicited, automatically, whenever a particular
stimulus is present. He says that conditioning is done through rewards.
The fundamental requisite is that any external which works as a signal
should be presented before the actual stimulus. If the order is reversed
then there will not be any conditioning of the response.
GENERALIZATION:
Pavlov’s investigations show that a response can be conditioned to the
extent that it will be revealed to different but similar stimuli.
DISCRIMINATION:
It means to make differentiation between two different stimuli.
EXTINCTION:
The undoing of established response means extinction. I.P. Pavlov says
that it is possible if an action goes without positive reward.
RECONDITIONING:
He investigated that the extinct response can be conditioned again and it
needs less efforts to do so.
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