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SIGUMUND
FREUD
He
believed that the biological or animal drives, such as sex and aggression
were the primary drives behind the human behaviour. He deals with the
phenomenon of IDENTIFICATION. He is of the opinion that the child gets
attracted, sexually, to the parent of the opposite sex. As this attraction
is reproached so the child learns to suppress such feelings and reduces
the anxiety by trying to become more like the parent of the same sex.
According
to Freud's general point of view, a human being's personality is composed
of an energy system, and, if the energy is blocked from one channel of
expression, it finds another, generally along the path of least
resistance. Those mental contents are barred from consciousness is
called REPRESSION.
The
concept PERCEPTION WITHOUT AWARENESS means that we do certain things that
we are not aware of. Nisbett & Wilson say that there is considerable
evidence that people are influenced by factors of which they are unaware
of and that often they will inaccurately report the reasons for their
having done something. For example, we may think that we selected a new
product in the shopping store because of the brand name whereas research
evidence may indicate that its location and packaging design were the
critical determinants.
Freud
says that we use defence mechanisms like RATIONALIZATION often in order to
hide our actual motives. Rationalization, according to Freud, means that
behaviour is interpreted in such a way that it appears reasonable &
acceptable. Freud is very much convinced that early stages of development
profoundly effect later personality.
Freud is
of the opinion that human personalities are composed of ID, EGO, and
SUPER-EGO. Id is defined as unrestricted wishes and desires. Ego refers
to rational behaviour of individual which accepts constraints. Super-Ego
is considered which brings
and
imposes
restriction on the individual's behaviour.
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